Session Communication and Integration

The scenario-based specification of a large distributed system is usually naturally decomposed into various modules. The integration of specification modules contrasts to the parallel composition of program components, and includes various ways such as scenario concatenation, choice, and nesting. The recent development of multiparty session types for process calculi provides useful techniques to accommodate the protocol modularisation, by encoding fragments of communication protocols in the usage of private channels for a class of agents. In this paper, we extend forgoing session type theories by enhancing the session integration mechanism. More specifically, we propose a novel synchronous multiparty session type theory, in which sessions are separated into the communicating and integrating levels. Communicating sessions record the message-based communications between multiple agents, whilst integrating sessions describe the integration of communicating ones. A two-level session type system is developed for pi-calculus with syntactic primitives for session establishment, and several key properties of the type system are studied. Applying the theory to system description, we show that a channel safety property and a session conformance property can be analysed. Also, to improve the utility of the theory, a process slicing method is used to help identify the violated sessions in the type checking.Comment: A short version of this paper is submitted for revie

Toward High-Voltage/Energy Symmetric Supercapacitors via Interface Engineering

This chapter includes elaborately selected recent literatures on electrochemical energy storing in symmetric supercapacitors (SSCs) with high operating voltages (voltage >1.6 V) and high specific energy. SSCs are a typical sort of electrochemical capacitors with larger energy density than conventional capacitors; by involving electrode materials with stable interfaces (for instance, nitrogen-doped carbon materials) and electrolytes with wide safe potential window (for instance, ionic liquids), they can supply competitive energy relative to batteries. Fundamentals of SSCs are first introduced, aiming at clarifying some critical interfacial phenomena that are critical to enhance overall capacitive performance. State-of-the-art SSCs are included as demonstrations from the aspects of both enhanced capacitances and expanded voltages. We also provide a few feasible strategies for the design high-voltage/energy SSCs such as using inactive electrode materials

Formation Mechanism of Knowledge Stickiness in the Collaborative Innovation of Industry-University-Research

In the context of deepening the cooperation of Industry-University-Research (IUR), enterprises must gain competitive advantage by transferring external knowledge to the enterprise for knowledge appreciation. Based on the knowledge stickiness encountered in the process of knowledge transfer in the collaborative innovation of IUR, the formation process and causes of knowledge stickiness are analyzed. In this study, the knowledge flow model based on heat conduction theory was proposed. The dynamic simulation was carried out using MATLAB software. Results show that the process of knowledge transfer between IUR is the process of continuously realizing knowledge increment and knowledge creation, and knowledge stickiness has a direct impact on the efficiency of knowledge transfer. Strengthening the cognition between IUR, increasing the number of activities between IUR, and creating a collaborative innovation atmosphere between IUR will reduce knowledge stickiness and improve the efficiency of knowledge transfer

Risk Factors and Prevalence of Helicobacter pylori

Aim. The aim of this study was to investigate the prevalence and risk factors of H. pylori infection in areas with high prevalence of gastric cancer in Jiangsu Province, China. Methods. A prospective epidemiologic survey of H. pylori infection was accomplished in a natural population of 5417 individuals in Yangzhong city. Questionnaires and 13C-urea breath test for H. pylori infection were performed. Results. Among 5417 subjects who completed questionnaires and 13C-urea breath test, 3435 (63.41%) were H. pylori positive. The prevalence reached a peak at the age of 30–39 years (90.82%). There was significant difference between sexes and women had a higher infection rate than men. The prevalence of H. pylori infection was also associated with eating kipper food and fried food. No association between H. pylori prevalence and smoking or drinking was found. Compared to healthy individuals, people with dyspeptic diseases (peptic ulcer, gastroenteritis) presented a high prevalence of H. pylori infection. Using multivariate logistic regression analysis, age and history of peptic ulcer and gastroenteritis were the independent predictors for H. pylori infection. Conclusions. Yangzhong city had a high prevalence of H. pylori infection and was related to several risk factors. The underlying mechanisms are needed to be further investigated

A proteomic approach to analyzing responses of Arabidopsis thaliana root cells to different gravitational conditions using an agravitropic mutant, pin2 and its wild type

<p>Abstract</p> <p>Background</p> <p>Root gravitropsim has been proposed to require the coordinated, redistribution of the plant signaling molecule auxin within the root meristem, but the underlying molecular mechanisms are still unknown. PIN proteins are membrane transporters that mediate the efflux of auxin from cells. The PIN2 is important for the basipetal transport of auxin in roots and plays a critical role in the transmission of gravity signals perceived in the root cap to the root elongation zone. The loss of function <it>pin2 </it>mutant exhibits a gravity-insensitive root growth phenotype. By comparing the proteomes of wild type and the <it>pin2 </it>mutant root tips under different gravitational conditions, we hope to identify proteins involved in the gravity-related signal transduction.</p> <p>Results</p> <p>To identify novel proteins involved in the gravity signal transduction pathway we have carried out a comparative proteomic analysis of Arabidopsis <it>pin2 </it>mutant and wild type (WT) roots subjected to different gravitational conditions. These conditions included horizontal (H) and vertical (V) clinorotation, hypergravity (G) and the stationary control (S). Analysis of silver-stained two-dimensional SDS-PAGE gels revealed 28 protein spots that showed significant expression changes in altered gravity (H or G) compared to control roots (V and S). Whereas the majority of these proteins exhibited similar expression patterns in WT and <it>pin2 </it>roots, a significant number displayed different patterns of response between WT and <it>pin2 </it>roots. The latter group included 11 protein spots in the H samples and two protein spots in the G samples that exhibited an altered expression exclusively in WT but not in <it>pin2 </it>roots. One of these proteins was identified as annexin2, which was induced in the root cap columella cells under altered gravitational conditions.</p> <p>Conclusions</p> <p>The most interesting observation in this study is that distinctly different patterns of protein expression were found in WT and <it>pin</it>2 mutant roots subjected to altered gravity conditions. The data also demonstrate that PIN2 mutation not only affects the basipetal transport of auxin to the elongation zone, but also results in an altered expression of proteins in the root columella.</p

Mesh Partitioning Algorithm Based on Parallel Finite Element Analysis and Its Actualization

In parallel computing based on finite element analysis, domain decomposition is a key technique for its preprocessing. Generally, a domain decomposition of a mesh can be realized through partitioning of a graph which is converted from a finite element mesh. This paper discusses the method for graph partitioning and the way to actualize mesh partitioning. Relevant softwares are introduced, and the data structure and key functions of Metis and ParMetis are introduced. The writing, compiling, and testing of the mesh partitioning interface program based on these key functions are performed. The results indicate some objective law and characteristics to guide the users who use the graph partitioning algorithm and software to write PFEM program, and ideal partitioning effects can be achieved by actualizing mesh partitioning through the program. The interface program can also be used directly by the engineering researchers as a module of the PFEM software. So that it can reduce the application of the threshold of graph partitioning algorithm, improve the calculation efficiency, and promote the application of graph theory and parallel computing

Recognition of rock–coal interface in top coal caving through tail beam vibrations by using stacked sparse autoencoders

This paper provides a novel rock-coal interface recognition method based on stacked sparse autoencoders (SSAE). Given their different size and hardness, coal and rock generate different tail beam vibrations. Therefore, the rock-coal interface in top coal caving can be identified using an acceleration sensor to measure such vibrations. The end of the hydraulic support beam is an ideal location for installing the sensor, as proven by many experiments. To improve recognition accuracy, the following steps are performed. First, ensemble empirical mode decomposition method (EEMD) is used to decompose the vibration signals of the tail beam into several intrinsic mode functions to complete feature extraction. Second, the features extracted are preprocessed as the inputs of SSAE. Third, a greedy, layer-wise approach is employed to pretrain the weights of the entire deep network. Finally, fine tuning is employed to search the global optima by simultaneously altering the parameters of all layers. Test results indicate that the average recognition accuracy of coal and rock is 98.79 % under ideal caving conditions. The superiority of the proposed method is verified by comparing its performance with those of four other algorithms

Shear Creep Simulation of Structural Plane of Rock Mass Based on Discontinuous Deformation Analysis

Numerical simulations of the creep characteristics of the structural plane of rock mass are very useful. However, most existing simulation methods are based on continuum mechanics and hence are unsuitable in the case of large displacements and deformations. The discontinuous deformation analysis method proposed by Genhua is a discrete one and has a significant advantage when simulating the contacting problem of blocks. In this study, we combined the viscoelastic rheological model of Burgers with the discontinuous deformation analysis (DDA) method. We also derived the recurrence formula for the creep deformation increment with the time step during numerical simulations. Based on the minimum potential energy principle, the general equilibrium equation was derived, and the shear creep deformation in the structural plane was considered. A numerical program was also developed and its effectiveness was confirmed based on the curves obtained by the creep test of the structural plane of a rock mass under different stress levels. Finally, the program was used to analyze the mechanism responsible for the creep features of the structural plane in the case of the toppling deformation of the rock slope. The results showed that the extended DDA method is an effective one